What routes can isosorbide dinitrate be administered?

Isosorbide dinitrate is a nitrate commonly used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris due to its ability to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow. It can be administered through several routes, but its most well-known and clinically significant forms are sublingual and oral.

Sublingually, isosorbide dinitrate is used for quick relief of acute anginal attacks, as it allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes under the tongue. The oral form is used for long-term management, providing a sustained release of the drug to prevent angina episodes.

Other routes, such as topical, intravenous, or transdermal, while they may be used for other nitrate formulations, are not the primary or typical routes for isosorbide dinitrate. Therefore, the combination of sublingual and oral is the most appropriate answer, reflecting the common therapeutic applications of isosorbide dinitrate in clinical practice.