What is the main medication class used to treat hypertension?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely utilized in the management of hypertension due to their mechanism of action, which specifically targets the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By blocking the effects of angiotensin II—a potent vasoconstrictor—these medications effectively reduce blood pressure. They aid in relaxing blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow and a decrease in the workload on the heart.

Moreover, ARBs are favored for their ability to lower blood pressure without significantly affecting heart rate or causing substantial side effects that are often associated with other antihypertensive medications. They are particularly useful for patients who may experience cough or other adverse effects from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, as they provide a similar benefit while having a different side effect profile.

This makes ARBs a cornerstone treatment in the management of hypertension, especially in patients with comorbid conditions like heart failure or chronic kidney disease, where reducing blood pressure is crucial for improving overall outcomes.