What do HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors primarily target?

HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, primarily target the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, these medications significantly reduce cholesterol production, leading to lower levels of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. This reduction in cholesterol not only helps to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels—often referred to as "bad" cholesterol—but also has a positive impact on overall lipid profiles, including effects on triglyceride levels.

The reduction of cholesterol synthesis is crucial in preventing the development of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. By lowering LDL levels specifically, statins play a major role in reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes in individuals with elevated cholesterol levels or those at higher risk for cardiovascular events. Thus, the effect on cholesterol synthesis is a pivotal aspect of how HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors function.