What do fibric acid derivatives do?

Fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, primarily function by activating lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme crucial for the breakdown of triglycerides in lipoprotein particles. By enhancing the activity of this enzyme, fibrates facilitate the hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol, thereby promoting the uptake and metabolism of these fats by tissues. This action effectively reduces triglyceride levels in the bloodstream, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with hypertriglyceridemia.

Additionally, fibrates can also alter lipid profiles by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, which further contributes to cardiovascular health. The mechanism of action is distinct from simply reducing triglycerides through dietary changes or inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Fibrates do not primarily work by binding to bile acids, which is a function of other cholesterol-lowering medications, such as bile acid sequestrants. Recognizing the specific role of fibric acid derivatives in lipid metabolism highlights their effectiveness in managing conditions associated with elevated triglyceride levels.