What condition may occur if clonidine therapy is stopped abruptly?

When clonidine therapy is stopped abruptly, rebound hypertension is a condition that can frequently occur. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that decreases sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system, leading to lowered blood pressure. If its administration is suddenly ceased, there is a potential for a significant increase in norepinephrine release, which can result in a spike in blood pressure.

This phenomenon arises because, during therapy, the body adapts to the medication's effects. Sudden withdrawal removes the stabilizing influence of clonidine on blood pressure regulation. Consequently, the patient may experience a rebound effect characterized by a sudden and marked rise in blood pressure, potentially leading to severe hypertension.

Understanding this effect is crucial for managing patients on clonidine therapy. It highlights the importance of tapering the medication gradually rather than discontinuing it abruptly, thus preventing adverse effects associated with sudden changes in blood pressure.