During a follow-up assessment, which issue should the nurse prioritize when monitoring a patient on an ACE inhibitor?

Monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patients on ACE inhibitors due to the medication's potential to cause hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood. ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which decreases aldosterone production. Aldosterone usually promotes potassium excretion and sodium retention, so when its levels decrease, potassium can accumulate. This imbalance can lead to serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, which can be life-threatening.

Regular assessment of potassium levels allows for early detection and management of hyperkalemia, ensuring patient safety. The nursing practice guidelines emphasize the importance of this monitoring, particularly during the initiation of therapy or when there are changes in the patient's condition or concurrent medications. The focus on potassium levels reflects the critical nature of maintaining electrolyte balance, especially in patients who may have other risk factors for hyperkalemia, such as renal impairment.